Helicobacter pylori (HP) kwayar cuta ce da ke rayuwa a cikin ciki kuma tana manne da mucosa na ciki da kuma sararin samaniya, yana haifar da kumburi.Kwayar cutar ta HP tana daya daga cikin cututtukan da aka fi sani da kwayoyin cuta, wanda ke kamuwa da biliyoyin mutane a duniya.Su ne manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da ulcers da gastritis (kumburi na ciki).

Babban kamuwa da cuta a cikin yara da tarawar iyali sune mahimman halaye na kamuwa da cuta na HP, kuma watsawar iyali na iya zama babbar hanyar kamuwa da cuta ta HP shine babban abin da ke haifar da cutar gastritis mai aiki na yau da kullun, cututtukan peptic ulcer, na ciki mucosa mai alaƙa da ƙwayar lymphoid nama (MALT) lymphoma, da kuma ciwon daji na ciki.A cikin 1994, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya/Hukumar Bincike Kan Ciwon daji (WHO/IARC) ta sanya Helicobacter pylori a matsayin aji I carcinogen.

Mucosa na ciki - makamai na jiki na ciki

A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, bangon ciki yana da jerin ingantattun hanyoyin kariya na kai (fitowar acid gastric da protease, kariya daga yadudduka masu narkewa da mai narkewa, motsa jiki na yau da kullun, da dai sauransu), wanda zai iya tsayayya da mamayewar dubban microorganisms. masu shiga ta baki.

HP yana da flagella mai zaman kanta da kuma keɓantaccen tsari na helical, wanda ba wai kawai yana taka rawa ba yayin mulkin mallaka na kwayan cuta, amma kuma yana iya zama mai siffa kuma ya samar da yanayin halittar ɗan adam mai karewa a cikin yanayi mara kyau.A lokaci guda kuma, Helicobacter pylori na iya samar da guba iri-iri, wanda ke tabbatar da cewa Helicobacter pylori zai iya wucewa ta Layer ruwan ciki ta hanyar ikonsa kuma ya tsayayya da acid na ciki da sauran abubuwan da ba su da kyau, ya zama kawai ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da za su iya rayuwa a cikin cikin mutum. .

Pathogenesis na Helicobacter pylori

1. Mai ƙarfi

Nazarin ya nuna cewa Helicobacter pylori yana da ƙarfin motsawa a cikin yanayin da ba a iya gani ba, kuma flagella ya zama dole don kwayoyin cutar su yi iyo zuwa ga ma'auni mai kariya a saman mucosa na ciki.

2. Protein da ke da alaƙa da Endotoxin A (CagA) da toxin vacuolar (VacA)

Kwayoyin da ke da alaƙa da Cytotoxin sunadaran A (CagA) wanda HP ke ɓoye zai iya haifar da amsawar kumburin gida.CagA-tabbatacce Helicobacter pylori kamuwa da cuta kuma na iya haɓaka haɗarin atrophic gastritis, metaplasia na hanji da ciwon daji na ciki.

Vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) wani muhimmin abu ne mai cutarwa na Helicobacter pylori, wanda zai iya shiga mitochondria don daidaita aikin gabobin jiki.

3. Flagellin

Sunadaran flagellin guda biyu, FlaA da FlaB, sune manyan abubuwan haɗin filaments na flagellar.Canje-canje a cikin flagellin glycosylation yana shafar motsin motsi.Lokacin da matakin glycosylation na furotin FlaA ya karu, duka ƙarfin ƙaura da nauyin mulkin mallaka ya karu.

4. Gurasa

Urease yana haifar da NH3 da CO2 ta hanyar hydrolyzing urea, wanda ke kawar da acid na ciki kuma yana haɓaka pH na sel kewaye.Bugu da ƙari, urease yana shiga cikin amsawar kumburi kuma yana haɓaka adhesion ta hanyar hulɗa tare da masu karɓar CD74 akan ƙwayoyin epithelial na ciki.

5. Protein girgiza zafi HSP60/GroEL

Helicobacter pylori yana ɗaukar jerin sunadaran sunadaran zafin zafi waɗanda aka kiyaye su sosai, wanda haɗin gwiwar Hsp60 tare da urease a cikin E. coli yana haɓaka aikin urease sosai, yana barin pathogen ya daidaita kuma ya tsira a cikin mahallin mahalli mai ƙiyayya na cikin ɗan adam.

6. Sunadaran da ke da alaƙa da ƙugiya 2 homolog FliD

FliD furotin ne na tsari wanda ke kare titin flagella kuma yana iya maimaita saka flagellin don girma filaments na flagellar.Hakanan ana amfani da FliD azaman ƙwayar adhesion, gano ƙwayoyin glycosaminoglycan na ƙwayoyin runduna.A cikin rundunonin da suka kamu da cutar, ƙwayoyin rigakafi na anti-flid alamun kamuwa da cuta kuma ana iya amfani da su don gano cutar serological.

Hanyoyin Gwaji:

1. Gwajin stool: Gwajin stool antigen gwajin gwaji ne mara cutarwa ga H. pylori.Aikin yana da aminci, mai sauƙi da sauri, kuma baya buƙatar sarrafa baki na kowane reagents.

2. Serum antibody detection: Lokacin da ciwon Helicobacter pylori ya faru a cikin jiki, jikin mutum zai sami anti-Helicobacter pylori antibodies a cikin jini saboda amsawar rigakafi.Ta hanyar zana jini don bincika matakan rigakafin Helicobacter pylori, zai iya nuna ko akwai Helicobacter pylori a jiki.kamuwa da cutar kwayan cuta.

3. Gwajin numfashi: Wannan shine mafi shaharar hanyar dubawa a halin yanzu.Urea na baka mai dauke da 13C ko 14C, da numfashi suna gwada yawan carbon dioxide mai dauke da 13C ko 14C bayan wani lokaci, domin idan akwai Helicobacter pylori, urea za a gano ta musamman ta urea.Enzymes sun rushe zuwa ammonia da carbon dioxide, wanda ake fitar da su daga huhu ta jini.

4. Endoscopy: yana ba da damar kula da hankali kusa da sifofin mucosal na ciki kamar ja, kumburi, canje-canjen nodular, da sauransu;endoscopy bai dace da marasa lafiya tare da rikitarwa mai tsanani ko contraindications da ƙarin farashi ba (annesthesia, forceps)).

Abubuwan da suka danganci Bioantibody na H.pylorishawarwari:

H. Pylori Antigen Gwajin Saurin Gwajin (Chromatography na Lateral)

H. Pylori Na'urar Gwajin Saurin Jiki (Chromatography na Lateral)